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Elenco delle pubblicazioni del Think Tank del PE
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank
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Parole chiave "responsabilità del produttore"
41 Risultati(i)
Data di creazione : 12-12-2021Artificial Intelligence and Civil Liability
Tipo di pubblicazione Studio
Data 14-07-2020
Autore esterno Andrea BERTOLINI, Ph.D., LL.M. (Yale)
Assistant Professor of Private Law, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna (Pisa)
Director of the Jean Monnet - European Centre of Excellence on the Regulation of Robotics and AI (EURA)
Settore di intervento Diritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Valutazione del diritto e delle politiche nella pratica
Parole chiave applicazione dell'informatica | danni e interessi | gestione del rischio | iniziative di regolamentazione | intelligenza
artificiale | nuova tecnologia | responsabilità civile | responsabilità del produttore | sicurezza del prodotto | statuto
giuridico | tecnologia intelligente
Riassunto This study – commissioned by the Policy Department C at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs – analyses
the notion of AI-technologies and the applicable legal framework for civil liability. It demonstrates how technology
regulation should be technology-specific, and presents a Risk Management Approach, where the party who is best
capable of controlling and managing a technology-related risk is held strictly liable, as a single entry point for litigation.
It then applies such approach to four case-studies, to elaborate recommendations.
Studio EN
La politica dei consumatori: principi e strumenti
Tipo di pubblicazioneNote tematiche sull'UE
Data
01-06-2017
Autore
HAYER Sarabjeet | MACIEJEWSKI Mariusz
Settore di intervento
Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiaveinformazione del consumatore | movimento dei consumatori | prezzo al consumo | responsabilità del produttore |
sicurezza del prodotto | vigilanza del mercato
Riassunto Da una ricerca svolta per conto del Parlamento europeo è emerso che una politica di tutela dei consumatori efficace è
essenziale ai fini dell'efficienza e del buon funzionamento del mercato europeo[1]. Un'accresciuta trasparenza e
transazioni più informate, risultanti dalla corretta progettazione e attuazione della politica dei consumatori, si traducono
non solo in soluzioni migliori per i consumatori ma anche in una maggiore efficienza del mercato[2]. Una tutela dei
consumatori efficace è pertanto un elemento essenziale di un mercato ben funzionante. Essa mira a garantire i diritti
dei consumatori nei confronti dei commercianti, nonché a fornire una maggiore protezione per i consumatori
vulnerabili. La crisi finanziaria ha dimostrato che le norme a tutela dei consumatori hanno il potenziale di rendere i
mercati più equi e di migliorare la qualità della concorrenza. Conferire maggiori poteri ai consumatori e proteggere
efficacemente la loro sicurezza e i loro interessi economici sono diventati obiettivi essenziali della politica europea.
Note tematiche sull'UE ES, EN, IT, PT, SL
Misure di protezione dei consumatori
Tipo di pubblicazioneNote tematiche sull'UE
Data
01-06-2017
Autore
HAYER Sarabjeet | MACIEJEWSKI Mariusz
Settore di intervento
Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiaveaccesso al mercato | azione dell'UE | etichettatura | politica della concorrenza dell'UE | prodotto cosmetico | protezione
del consumatore | responsabilità del produttore | sicurezza degli alimenti | sorveglianza dei medicinali | vendita a
distanza
Riassunto Le misure europee di protezione dei consumatori mirano a tutelare la salute, la sicurezza e gli interessi economici e
giuridici dei consumatori europei, ovunque essi vivano, si rechino o facciano acquisti nell'UE. La legislazione
dell'Unione disciplina sia le operazioni fisiche che il commercio elettronico e contiene norme di applicabilità generale
unitamente a disposizioni riguardanti prodotti specifici, tra cui i medicinali, gli organismi geneticamente modificati, i
prodotti del tabacco, i cosmetici, i giocattoli e gli esplosivi.
Note tematiche sull'UE BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, HR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV
Medical devices and in vitro diagnostic medical devices
Tipo di pubblicazione Briefing
Data10-05-2017
AutoreSCHOLZ Nicole
Settore di interventoAdozione della legislazione da parte del PE e del Consiglio | Sanità pubblica
Parole chiave attrezzature medico-chirurgiche | diritti del malato | elaborazione del diritto dell'UE | omologazione | responsabilità del
produttore | sicurezza del prodotto
Riassunto Medical devices and in vitro diagnostic medical devices cover a wide array of products. The EU legal framework for
such devices was harmonised in the 1990s. The European Commission presented a pair of proposals for regulations
in September 2012. Following Parliament's first readings in April 2014, the Council agreed its positions in October
2015. At the conclusion of the trilogues, agreement was reached on 25 May 2016. This was endorsed by the Council's
Permanent Representatives Committee on 15 June and confirmed by Parliament's ENVI Committee on the same day.
Both draft texts were adopted by the Council on 7 March 2017, and Parliament's second-reading vote on 5 April
completed the adoption procedure. The regulation on medical devices will become fully applicable in May 2020, and
that on in vitro diagnostic medical devices in May 2022.
Briefing EN
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 1Cross-Border Traffic Accidents in the EU - The Potential Impact of Driverless Cars
Tipo di pubblicazione Studio
Data 30-06-2016
Autore esterno Thomas Kadner Graziano (University of Geneva, Switzerland)
Settore di intervento Adozione della legislazione da parte del PE e del Consiglio | Diritto internazionale privato e cooperazione giudiziaria in
materia civile | Diritto internazionale pubblico | Diritto UE: sistema e atti giuridici | Governance globale | Spazio di
libertà, sicurezza e giustizia | Valutazione del diritto e delle politiche nella pratica
Parole chiave assicurazione responsabilità civile | conflitto di giurisdizioni | diritto comparato | diritto internazionale privato | impatto
delle tecnologie dell'informazione | incidente di trasporto | industria automobilistica | interpretazione del diritto | principio
di certezza del diritto | responsabilità civile | responsabilità del produttore | trasporto transfrontaliero
Riassunto Commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the
request of the JURI committee, this study provides an analysis of the potential legal impact of the introduction of
connected and autonomous vehicles on rules of private international law determining jurisdiction and applicable law in
the EU Member States in the event of a cross-border traffic accident. Following a case-studies approach, it makes a
number of recommendations to improve the legal framework. In line with recent EU law trends towards enhanced
protection for the victims and given that products liability is likely to gain more importance in the area, the study
suggests the introduction of a duty for car manufacturers to contract liability insurance covering traffic accidents
victims; the possibility of a direct action against a manufacturer’s liability insurer and the establishment of a forum at
the domicile of the victim for claims against manufacturers of cars using new technologies. In order to increase legal
certainty, the study recommends to redefine the respective scopes of application of the two systems of private
international law currently coexisting in the EU to determine the law applicable (the Rome II Regulation and the 1971
and 1973 Hague Conventions), and to apply Rome II in cases in which both the claimant and the defendant are
domiciled in EU Member States. Finally, autonomous technologies may increase the difficulty to initiate extra-
contractual liability claims therefore the study proposes that limitation periods be extended at the substantive law level
or that a cumulative connecting mechanism be introduced at private international level for the benefit of the victims.
Studio EN
Medical devices and in vitro diagnostic medical devices
Tipo di pubblicazione Briefing
Data 07-06-2016
Autore SCHOLZ Nicole
Settore di intervento Adozione della legislazione da parte del PE e del Consiglio | Sanità pubblica
Parole chiave attrezzature medico-chirurgiche | diritti del malato | elaborazione del diritto dell'UE | omologazione | responsabilità del
produttore | sicurezza del prodotto
Riassunto Medical devices and in vitro diagnostic medical devices cover a wide array of products, from sticking plasters, to heart
valves, to state-of-the-art analytical laboratory equipment, with over 500 000 devices on the EU market. The EU legal
framework for such devices was harmonised in the 1990s. The European Commission presented a pair of proposals
for regulations in September 2012, to update the framework. Following Parliament's first readings in April 2014, the
Council agreed its positions in October 2015. At the conclusion of the tenth trilogue meeting, agreement was reached
on both proposals on 25 May 2016. The compromise centres on stricter requirements for notified bodies, stronger pre-
market scrutiny and post-marketing surveillance; strengthened rules for high-risk devices and certain other categories
of devices; and increased transparency and traceability. This updates a previous edition from December 2015: PE
572.819.
A more recent edition of this document is available. Find it by searching by the document title at this address:
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/home.html
Briefing EN
Planned obsolescence: Exploring the issue
Tipo di pubblicazione Briefing
Data 02-05-2016
Autore VALANT Jana
Settore di intervento Ambiente | Industria | Problemi economici e monetari | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave apparecchio elettrodomestico | durata di un prodotto | etica imprenditoriale | progettazione di un prodotto |
responsabilità del produttore | riciclaggio dei rifiuti | rifiuti elettronici | telefono mobile
Riassunto Although no overarching definition of planned obsolescence exists, the term 'planned obsolescence' (of products or
technology) is described as the intentional production of goods and services with short economic lives, stimulating
consumers to repeat purchases too frequently. The incandescent light bulb with an engineered shorter lifespan (the
Phoebus cartel case) is one example from the past of proven planned obsolescence. Data suggest that the median
lifespans of certain categories of product have been shortening, and consumer organisations have drawn attention to
more recent suspected cases of planned obsolescence in connection with washing machines, inkjet cartridges,
electronic devices, etc. One Member State – France – recently introduced a definition of planned obsolescence into its
legislation, making it a punishable offence. No specific EU rules mention planned obsolescence, but the subject ties in
with EU legislation on ecodesign, waste, use of natural resources, consumer information and the new package from
the European Commission on the circular economy. The main consumer concerns and problematic strategies
associated with the issue are: design features that do not allow repair, upgradability or interoperability with other
devices; the unavailability of spare parts and high repair costs; and marketing strategies pushing consumers to buy
new, fashionable products and replace existing ones very quickly. Various ways to curb the practice of planned
obsolescence have been proposed, not least a shift towards a culture that values product durability and sustainability.
Briefing EN
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 2Contracts for online and other distance sales of goods
Tipo di pubblicazione Briefing
Data 15-02-2016
Autore MAŃKO Rafał
Settore di intervento Adozione della legislazione da parte del PE e del Consiglio | Diritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario |
Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave codificazione del diritto dell'UE | contratto | diritto commerciale | elaborazione del diritto dell'UE | mercato unico |
protezione del consumatore | responsabilità del produttore | vendita a distanza
Riassunto In December 2015, the Commission proposed a directive on contracts for online and other distance sales of goods
(online sale of goods directive). This would partly replace the existing Consumer Sales Directive with regard to
distance sales (both online and offline). Unlike the Consumer Sales Directive, the proposed online sale of goods
directive would provide for maximum (total) harmonisation, thereby prohibiting Member States from introducing a
higher level of consumer protection within the scope of the directive.
A more recent edition of this document is available. Find it by searching by the document title at this address:
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/home.html
The proposed online sale of goods directive is part of the Digital Single Market Strategy, and comes alongside several
other proposed legal instruments, notably the digital content supply directive [2015/0287(COD)] and the portability of
digital content directive. Although, legally speaking, the proposal is new, in political terms it aims to replace the 2011
proposal for a Common European Sales Law, in line with the commitment made by the Juncker Commission in
December 2015.
Briefing EN
Circular economy 1.0 and 2.0: A comparison
Tipo di pubblicazione In sintesi
Data 22-01-2016
Autore BOURGUIGNON Didier
Settore di intervento Ambiente
Parole chiave deposito dei rifiuti | lotta contro gli sprechi | materiale d'imballaggio | programma d'azione | proposta (UE) |
responsabilità del produttore | riciclaggio dei rifiuti | rifiuti domestici
Riassunto When withdrawing the July 2014 circular economy package, the Commission pledged to put forward 'a more ambitious
proposal.' The new package presented in December 2015 retains many elements from the initial one. Differences
include somewhat lower waste-management targets, a weaker focus on food waste, and more detailed measures
enabling a shift to a circular economy.
In sintesi EN
Circular economy package: Four legislative proposals on waste
Tipo di pubblicazione Briefing
Data 22-01-2016
Autore BOURGUIGNON Didier
Settore di intervento Ambiente
Parole chiave deposito dei rifiuti | elaborazione del diritto dell'UE | impatto ambientale | materiale d'imballaggio | principio chi inquina
paga | responsabilità del produttore | riciclaggio dei rifiuti | rifiuti elettronici
Riassunto Although waste management in the European Union (EU) has improved considerably in the past decades, almost a
third of municipal waste is still landfilled and less than half is recycled or composted, with wide variations between
Member States. Improving waste management could deliver positive effects for the environment, climate, human
health and the economy. As part of a shift in EU policy towards a circular economy, the European Commission made
four legislative proposals introducing new waste-management targets regarding reuse, recycling and landfilling. The
proposals also strengthen provisions on waste prevention and extended producer responsibility, and streamline
definitions, reporting obligations and calculation methods for targets. As the Parliament and Council begin their
consideration of the proposals, stakeholders are divided.
A more recent edition of this document is available. Find it by searching by the document title at this address:
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/home.html
Briefing EN
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 3Medical devices and in vitro diagnostic medical devices
Tipo di pubblicazione Briefing
Data07-12-2015
AutoreSCHOLZ Nicole
Settore di interventoSanità pubblica
Parole chiave attrezzature medico-chirurgiche | elaborazione del diritto dell'UE | etichettatura | informazione del consumatore |
mercato unico | omologazione | responsabilità del produttore | sicurezza del prodotto | tracciabilità
Riassunto Medical devices and in vitro diagnostic medical devices cover a wide array of products, from sticking plasters, to heart
valves, to state-of-the-art analytical laboratory equipment, with over 500 000 devices on the EU market.
The EU legal framework for such devices was harmonised in the 1990s. The European Commission presented a pair
of proposals for regulations in September 2012, to update the framework. Following Parliament's first reading in April
2014, the Council agreed its position in October 2015. Interinstitutional negotiations are under way, with trilogue
meetings having taken place on 13 and 28 October, on 11 and 28 November, and on 3 December.
Stakeholders generally welcome the progress made, with industry asking for the elimination of burdensome
requirements, and patient and consumer associations stressing the need for information.
A more recent edition of this document is available. Find it by searching by the document title at this address:
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/home.html
Briefing EN
The Cost of Non-Europe in the Single Market. Part V - Consumer Acquis
Tipo di pubblicazione Studio
Data 02-10-2014
Autore esterno Mark Peacock (GHK Int.)
Settore di intervento Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Valore aggiunto europeo
Parole chiave analisi costi-benefici | commercio elettronico | credito al consumo | gioco | mercato unico | protezione del consumatore
| responsabilità del produttore | servizi finanziari | studio d'impatto
Riassunto Cost of Non-Europe Reports identify the possibilities for economic or other gains and/or the realisation of a ‘public
good’ through common action at EU level in specific policy areas and sectors. This Cost of Non-Europe Report seeks
to analyse the costs for citizens, businesses and relevant stake-holders of remaining gaps and barriers in the
European Single Market, building on and updating the 1988 Cecchini Report, which quantified its potential benefits.
This particular study - the fifth in a series - analyses the gaps in European consumer legislation. It provides a
qualitative appreciation of the existing legislation, identifying areas where further EU legislative action could be
beneficial, and provides tentative estimates of the costs of failure to legislate. It is not intended as comprehensive
quantification, but rather as a ‘snap shot’ of some benefits which could be attained through completion of the consumer
acquis.
Studio EN
Consumer Product Safety Regulation: Detailed Appraisal of the European Commission's Impact
Assessment
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data04-04-2014
AutoreCOLLOVA Claudio
Settore di interventoProtezione dei consumatori | Valutazione d''impatto ex ante
Parole chiave controllo di qualità dei prodotti industriali | distributore commerciale | etichettatura | prodotto originario | proposta (UE) |
protezione del consumatore | responsabilità del produttore | sicurezza del prodotto | sorveglianza all'importazione |
studio d'impatto
Riassunto This paper seeks to provide a detailed analysis, from a methodological perspective, of part of the European
Commission's Impact Assessment (IA) accompanying its proposal for a Consumer Product Safety Regulation (CPSR).
Requested by the IMCO Committee, the aim of this analysis is to determine whether the IA covered adequately the
following elements of the Commission's proposal: Country of origin marking (Article 7 of the CPSR) and obligations for
economic operators (Articles 8 to 11 of the CPSR). It performs the requested 'health check' from two angles. Firstly, it
analyses whether the Commission's IA - with regard to the above subjects only - is fit for its overall purpose, which is to
aid political decision-making by presenting a comprehensive assessment of the likely impacts of all options. Secondly,
it analyses whether the IA meets the standards which the Commission has laid down in its internal Impact Assessment
Guidelines, as well as the quality criteria which the Parliament has defined in its resolutions.
Analisi approfondita EN
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 4Common European Sales Law
Tipo di pubblicazione In sintesi
Data 20-02-2014
Autore MAŃKO Rafał
Settore di intervento Diritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave clausola contrattuale | commercio elettronico | diritto commerciale | mercato unico | protezione del consumatore |
quadro comune di riferimento | responsabilità del produttore | scambi intra UE
Riassunto The proposed Common European Sales Law (CESL) is intended to create a uniform set of contract rules available to
traders and consumers entering into cross-border transactions in the internal market. The Legal Affairs Committee
backs the proposal, but has tabled numerous amendments. However, the Committee on the Internal Market and
Consumer Protection, an associated committee under Rule 50, suggested changing the legal form of CESL to a
directive.
In sintesi EN
Safe and innovative medical devices
Tipo di pubblicazione In sintesi
Data 17-10-2013
Autore ERBACH Gregor
Settore di intervento Politica di ricerca | Protezione dei consumatori | Sanità pubblica
Parole chiave attrezzature medico-chirurgiche | autorizzazione di vendita | industria di punta | legislazione sanitaria | perizia medica |
prodotto nuovo | responsabilità del produttore | sicurezza del prodotto
Riassunto Innovation in medical devices benefits patients, doctors and the medical technology industry. The European
Commission has proposed legis-lation aimed at enhancing safety, traceability, and transparency without inhibiting
innovation.
In sintesi EN
Proceedings of the Workshop on "The Product Safety and Market Surveillance Package"
Tipo di pubblicazione Studio
Data 04-09-2013
Autore esterno Richard W. O'Brien (U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission - CPSC, USA) ,
Axel Thonier (Direction Générale de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des Fraudes -
DGCCRF, France) ,
Loïc Buffard (Direction Générale de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des Fraudes -
DGCCRF, France) ,
Borut Matkovic (Thermo Energetic Inspector/Independent Consultant in the area of Product Safety and Market
Surveillance, Slovenia) ,
Françoise Maniet (University of Québec in Montréal - UQAM, Canada) and
Torben Rahbek (Independent Product Safety Consultant, Denmark)
Settore di intervento Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave autorizzazione di vendita | controllo sanitario | cooperazione internazionale | mercato unico | norma internazionale |
responsabilità del produttore | rischio sanitario | sicurezza del prodotto | tracciabilità
Riassunto The Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection requested the organisation of a workshop on the Product
Safety and Market Surveillance package with the aim to acquire independent technical expertise on selected aspects
of the two legislative proposals currently discussed in Parliament. In addition to an overview of the US practices and
regulations on market surveillance and product safety, the speakers presented best practices on how to maximise
market surveillance with limited budget and the problems market surveillance authorities still face in practice. Experts
also presented their views on the product safety proposal for regulation, from a legal and technical point of view.
Studio EN
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 5Common European Sales Law - Detailed Appraisal by the EP Impact Assessment Unit of the European
Commission's Impact Assessment
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-01-2013
AutoreBALLON Elke | MANIAKI-GRIVA Alexia
Settore di interventoDiritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei
consumatori | Valutazione d''impatto ex ante
Parole chiave consultazione pubblica | contratto | contratto commerciale | protezione del consumatore | ravvicinamento delle
legislazioni | responsabilità contrattuale | responsabilità del produttore | scambi intra UE | studio d'impatto | vendita
Riassunto This note analyses the Impact Assessment (IA) accompanying the Commission Proposal for a Regulation on a
Common European Sales Law from a methodological point of view, without dealing with the substance of the proposal.
In general, the IA seems to respect the methodological requirements the Commission has imposed upon itself in it
Impact Assessment Guidelines. The problems to be addressed by the proposed legislation are clearly explained,
related to the underlying problem drivers and logically presented. The set of possible policy options is sufficiently wide
and there is sufficient explanation of the baseline scenario. The Commission seems to have broadly consulted with
stakeholders and presents stakeholder positions in the IA. It analyses a broad range of possible impacts for the policy
options, with an emphasis on economic impacts (mainly administrative and transaction costs). The Commission
attempts to make a quantitative estimation of the transaction costs, at the same time acknowledging that adequate
quantitative data are not available. The transformation of the purely qualitative answers of economic operators in
Eurobarometer studies and other surveys into quantitative estimations can be criticised as producing unreliable results.
Analisi approfondita EN
Medical Devices and In-Vitro Medical Devices: Initial Appraisal of the European Commission's Impact
Assessment
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-01-2013
AutoreWERNER Helmut
Settore di interventoSanità pubblica | Valutazione d''impatto ex ante
Parole chiave attrezzature medico-chirurgiche | diritto sanitario | elaborazione del diritto dell'UE | etichettatura | norma di sicurezza |
organo di controllo | responsabilità del produttore | ricerca medica | sicurezza del prodotto | studio d'impatto
Riassunto This note seeks to provide an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's Impact
Assessment accompanying the Commission proposals on Medical Devices and on In Vitro Medical Devices.
Analisi approfondita DE, EN, FR
Common European Sales Law : A Practical View
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-11-2012
Autore esterno Diana Wallis
Settore di interventoDiritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei
consumatori
Parole chiave arbitraggio | clausola contrattuale | contratto commerciale | protezione del consumatore | responsabilità contrattuale |
responsabilità del produttore | scambi intra UE | vendita
Riassunto This paper provides a comment on the legislative history of the Common European Sales Law from the perspective of
a former rapporteur. It dealings particularly with the importance of many of the practical surrounding and related
measures such as the provision of standard terms and conditions of trade and ADR and ODR necessary to make the
proposal a success.
Analisi approfondita EN
Consumer Protection under the Proposal for a Common European Sales Law
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-11-2012
Autore esterno Hans Schulte-Nölke (European Legal Studies Institute, Osnabrück, Germany)
Settore di interventoDiritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave clausola contrattuale | contratto commerciale | diritto privato europeo | protezione del consumatore | responsabilità
contrattuale | responsabilità del produttore | vendita
Riassunto This briefing note explains the problems which the Common European Sales Law (CESL) sets out to solve, to what
extent it actually achieves those goals and where the proposal leaves room for improvement. The paper focuses on
consumer contracts concluded between parties located within the EU. It intentionally leaves the many complicated and
technical details of Private International Law aside in order to make the basic structures of the current system more
visible so that the usefulness of a CESL can be better appraised.
Analisi approfondita EN
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 6Leasing Society
Tipo di pubblicazione Studio
Data 15-11-2012
Autore esterno Susanne Fischer, Sören Steger, Nino David Jordan, Meghan O’Brien and Philipp Schepelmann (Wuppertal Institute for
Climate, Environment and Energy)
Settore di intervento Ambiente | Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave locazione con opzione d'acquisto | protezione del consumatore | responsabilità del produttore | società di servizi |
studio di mercato | sviluppo sostenibile
Riassunto The vision of a leasing society is characterised by a new relationship between producers and customers. This new
relationship is based on innovative and more service-oriented business models to meet customer needs with novel
approaches to ownership and responsibility. This study explores the leasing society in four chapters. It (1) examines
the basic ideas behind the concept, (2) presents a collection of case studies, (3) summarises strengths and risks, and
(4) concludes with policy options that could support the transition to a leasing society.
Studio EN
The Regime of Remedies in the CESL – Suitable and Balanced for SMEs ?
Tipo di pubblicazioneAnalisi approfondita
Data
15-06-2012
Autore esterno Dora Szentpaly-Kleis (European Association of Crafts, small and medium-sized Enterprises, UEAPME)
Settore di intervento
Diritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Industria | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiaveclausola contrattuale | contratto commerciale | indennizzo | piccole e medie imprese | protezione del consumatore |
responsabilità contrattuale | responsabilità del produttore | vendita
Riassunto This paper is based on the position of UEAPME members on the proposal for a regulation on the Common European
Sales Law. It gives some general remarks on the proposal as such and focuses in the second part on the different
remedies introduced from the point of view of SMEs, one of the main target groups of the proposal. If the aim to boost
cross-border business activities is to be achieved, improvements in line with the remarks of this note are necessary.
Analisi approfondita EN
Remedies for Buyers in B2C Contracts : General Aspects
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-06-2012
Autore esterno Hans Schulte-Nölke, Fryderyk Zoll and Shaun Charlton (European Legal Studies Institute, Osnabrück, Germany)
Settore di interventoDiritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei
consumatori
Parole chiave arbitraggio | indennizzo | qualità del prodotto | responsabilità del produttore | scambi intra UE | vendita a distanza
Riassunto This Briefing Paper deals with the remedies open to buyers in sale contracts between businesses and consumers
under the Proposal for a Common European Sales Law (CESL). It includes a short overview of the types of remedies
and their constituent elements following the structure of art. 106 CESL. The remedies of the CESL are compared, on
the one hand, with those of various international instruments in the field and, on the other hand, with particular aspects
of the law of the EU Member States. Finally, proposals for improving the current system of remedies under the
Proposal are suggested.
Analisi approfondita EN
Remedies under the Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law – The View of French
Businesses
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-06-2012
Autore esterno Anne-Laure Constanza (Mouvement des entreprises de France, MEDEF – French Business Confederation)
Settore di interventoDiritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave contratto commerciale | protezione del consumatore | responsabilità contrattuale | responsabilità del produttore |
scambi intra UE | vendita
Riassunto The substantive provisions of the Common European Sales Law, particularly on remedies, will be acceptable to
businesses only if they meet certain conditions. The rules must be easily accessible and ensure legal certainty for
transactions. They must also provide a balanced package that does not lead to excessive costs for businesses and
that ensures a stable contractual relationship.
Analisi approfondita EN, FR
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 7The Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law : Provisions on Remedies
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-06-2012
Autore esterno Burghard PILTZ (Committee on European Contract Law of the German Federal Bar)
Settore di interventoDiritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave clausola contrattuale | indennizzo | prodotto difettoso | ravvicinamento delle legislazioni | responsabilità del produttore |
vendita
Riassunto This note contains an analysis of the remedial system under the proposal for a Regulation on a Common European
Sales Law and some suggestions for possible amendments, focusing in particular on the delivery of goods not
conforming to the contract, in line with the position of the German Federal Bar.
Analisi approfondita EN
Restitution in the Proposal for a Common European Sales Law
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data 15-06-2012
Autore esterno Christiane Wendehorst (University of Vienna, Austria)
Settore di intervento Diritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei
consumatori
Parole chiave clausola contrattuale | contratto commerciale | diritto privato europeo | protezione del consumatore | responsabilità
contrattuale | responsabilità del produttore | scambi intra UE | vendita
Riassunto Chapter 17 on restitution should be redrafted, taking Articles 44 to 47 on withdrawal and Article 112 on replacement as
a starting point and adapting them to the relevant conditions and tests in the context of termination or avoidance, as
well as to the requirements of mass contracts concluded in the digital age. Some policy decisions concerning
termination by consumers should be reconsidered. A separate rule on restitution for performance not otherwise due,
e.g. where a party has delivered twice in error, would be desirable.
Analisi approfondita EN
Prescription in the Proposal for a Common European Sales Law
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data 15-06-2012
Autore esterno Antoni Vaquer (University of Lleida, Spain)
Esther Arroyo (University of Barcelona, Spain)
Settore di intervento Diritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei
consumatori
Parole chiave clausola contrattuale | contratto commerciale | credito legale | diritto privato europeo | protezione del consumatore |
responsabilità contrattuale | responsabilità del produttore | scambi intra UE | vendita
Riassunto The rules on prescription in Part VIII, Chapter 18, of the CESL need clarification in order to ascertain whether they only
apply to provisions on rights and claims resulting from a sale contract, or whether they are also applicable to any other
(related?) right or claim, regardless of its contractual or non-contractual origin. One of the most problematic issues
concerns general prescription periods. Furthermore, interpretation problems arise also because of missing definitions,
or because the definitions are ambiguous or defective. The systematic approach demands clarification, too.
Analisi approfondita EN
Unfair Contract Terms Provisions in CESL
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-05-2012
Autore esterno Gerard MCMEEL (University of Bristol, UK)
Settore di interventoDiritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave clausola abusiva | contratto commerciale | protezione del consumatore | responsabilità contrattuale | responsabilità del
produttore | vendita
Riassunto This Note addresses the provisions on Unfair Contract Terms in the proposed Common European Sales Law (CESL)
for both “business to business” (B2B) and “business to consumer” (B2C) transactions, from the perspective of a lawyer
who has both experience as a practitioner and a legal academic. It suggests that the provisions of CESL may be
inappropriate in the B2B arena, being both too intrusive, and also failing to provide sufficient structure for the judicial
review of potentially unfair terms.
Analisi approfondita EN
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 8B2B and B2C Clauses and General Terms (Conditions) in Contracts : A Viewpoint from the Italian
Companies
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-05-2012
Autore esterno Tiziana Pompei (Unioncamere - Italian Chamber of Commerce Union, Italy)
Settore di interventoDiritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei
consumatori
Parole chiave clausola abusiva | contratto commerciale | protezione del consumatore | ravvicinamento delle legislazioni |
responsabilità contrattuale | responsabilità del produttore | vendita
Riassunto The CESL could be completed by a “toolbox”: a set of transparent and fair clauses and “well-balanced” standard
contractual terms (standard clauses and contracts), translated into all official languages, will encourage new players all
across the EU market as well as reinforcing competition, extending the range of choices available for consumers.
Analisi approfondita EN
Unfair Contract Terms in Business-to-Consumer Contracts in the Proposed Common European Sales
Law : BEUC's Viewpoint
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-05-2012
Autore esterno Ursula Pachl and Agustín Reyna (BEUC, The European Consumer Organisation)
Settore di interventoDiritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave BEUC | clausola abusiva | protezione del consumatore | responsabilità contrattuale | responsabilità del produttore |
vendita
Riassunto This note presents the perspective of consumer organisation across the EU on the proposed regulation on a Common
European Sales Law and its rules on unfair contract terms. It identifies the problematic impact on individual consumers
and on the future development of the EU consumer law acquis. It indicates general and specific issues in relation to
the introduction of an optional regime on unfair contract terms that should be taken into account by the EU legislators
and proposes alternative means for promoting cross border shopping in the EU.
Analisi approfondita EN
Remedies for Buyers in Case of Contracts for the Supply of Digital Content
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data 15-05-2012
Autore esterno Marco B.M. LOOS and Chantal MAK (Centre for the Study of European Contract Law, University of Amsterdam, the
Netherlands)
Settore di intervento Diritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Politica di ricerca | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave applicazione dell'informatica | arbitraggio | divario digitale | indennizzo | industria dell'informatica | qualità del prodotto |
responsabilità del produttore | risoluzione di contratto | vendita
Riassunto The inclusion of provisions on digital content, including ‘gratuitous’ digital content, in the Common European Sales Law
constitutes an improvement in respect to existing EU legislation on sales contracts. However, some amendments are
necessary, given the fact that digital content differs from goods. This briefing note critically assesses the relevant
provisions on conformity and remedies, and gives suggestions for tailoring them better to digital content.
Analisi approfondita EN
Optimal Integration of the European Dispute Resolution Platform
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-03-2012
Autore esterno Hervé Jacquemin
Settore di interventoMercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave arbitraggio | azione per accertamento della responsabilità | commercio elettronico | protezione del consumatore |
responsabilità del produttore | scambi intra UE
Riassunto The objective of this briefing paper is to discuss the possible issues and solutions regarding the optimal integration of
the ODR Platform within the current consumer-oriented websites at the EU and national levels, taking into account the
possible extent of scope of the Regulation on consumer ODR.
Analisi approfondita EN
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 9Assessing the Scope of European Online Dispute Resolution Platform
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-03-2012
Autore esterno Hans Micklitz and Giovanni Sartor
Settore di interventoDiritto UE: sistema e atti giuridici | Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave arbitraggio | commercio elettronico | commercio interno | protezione del consumatore | responsabilità del produttore |
scambi intra UE
Riassunto The present note addresses the issue of the scope of the European online dispute resolution Platform. In particular it
examines whether such a scope can be extended.
Analisi approfondita EN
Compilation of Briefing Papers on Consumer Vulnerability
Tipo di pubblicazione Studio
Data 09-02-2012
Autore esterno Danish Law :
Peter Møgelvang-Hansen, Mette Ohm Rørdam and Jan Trzaskowski (Copenhagen Business School, Denmark)
English Law :
Christian Twigg-Flesner (University of Hull, United Kingdom)
Estonian Law :
Karin Sein (University of Tartu, Estonia)
German Law :
Hans Schulte-Nölke, Shaun Charlton and Wiebke Voß (European Legal Studies Institute Osnabrück, Germany)
Spanish Law :
Begoña Alfonso de la Riva (LL.M., Saarbrücken), LL.M. Tax (Osnabrück), José Carlos de Medeiros Nóbrega (LL.M.
European Legal Studies Institute Osnabrück, Germany)
Settore di intervento Diritto UE: sistema e atti giuridici | Politica di ricerca | Protezione dei consumatori | Trasporti
Parole chiave Danimarca | diritto nazionale | Estonia | Germania | Inghilterra | protezione del consumatore | responsabilità del
produttore | Spagna
Riassunto This set of Briefing Papers assesses the current legislation and policy measures with regard to consumer vulnerability
in five Member States: Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. The focus is on e-commerce,
telecommunications and utilities contracts, and transport.
Studio ES, DE, EN, FR
Consumer Behaviour in a Digital Environment
Tipo di pubblicazione Studio
Data 15-08-2011
Autore esterno Patrice Muller (London Economics, Project director), Mette Damgaard (London Economics, Project manager and lead
author), Annabel Litchfield (London Economics), Mark Lewis (London Economics) and Julia Hörnle (Queen Mary
University of London)
Settore di intervento Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave abitudine d'acquisto | commercio elettronico | comunicazione dei dati | criminalità informatica | informazione del
consumatore | responsabilità del produttore | servizio di assistenza al cliente | società dell'informazione | traffico illecito
Riassunto This study analyses consumer behaviour and the interaction between consumers and businesses in the digital
environment. At issue is how consumers benefit from the digital environment and whether and how they change their
purchasing behaviour. A number of barriers to e-commerce and a more integrated European digital market are
identified and specific policy recommendations are provided.
Studio EN
Sintesi DE, FR
Information Requirements in the Consumer Rights Directive Proposal and in Other Directives
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data02-02-2011
Autore esterno Frank Alleweldt (Project director), Peter Rott (Lead author), Christian Twigg-Flesner (Second reader) and Senda Kara
Settore di interventoDiritto UE: sistema e atti giuridici | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave commercio elettronico | informazione del consumatore | prestazione di servizi | regolamentazione commerciale |
responsabilità del produttore | semplificazione legislativa
Riassunto The information obligations of the proposed Consumer Rights Directive and Directives 2000/31/EC on electronic
commerce, 2006/123/EC on services in the internal market, and 2005/29/EC on unfair commercial practices partly
overlap without being identical.
One information obligation that features in both the E-Commerce Directive and the Services Directive could be
integrated into Article 5 of the proposed Consumer Rights Directive: Information concerning details enabling the trader
to be contacted rapidly and communicated with directly and, as the case may be, by electronic means.
The E-Commerce Directive and the Services Directive contain some information requirements specific to the
objectives of these directives that are not necessary in the context of general consumer contract law.
The Services Directive 2006/123/EC deals with a number of issues in a less comprehensive way than Article 5 of the
proposed Consumer Rights Directive. It could be amended accordingly in order to avoid inconsistency.
The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29/EC and the proposed Consumer Rights Directive would work hand
in hand. They complement each other.
Analisi approfondita EN
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 10Study on Safety and Liability Issues Relating to Construction Products
Tipo di pubblicazione Studio
Data 17-01-2008
Autore esterno Ms Janne Sylvest
Ms Hanna-Maija Saarinen
Ramboll Management
Nørregade 7A
DK – 1165 Copenhagen K
DENMARK
Settore di intervento Diritto UE: sistema e atti giuridici | Industria
Parole chiave armonizzazione delle norme | marchio UE | materiali da costruzione | norma tecnica | responsabilità del produttore |
sicurezza del prodotto | tecnica di costruzione
Studio EN
Study on Safety and Liability Issues Relating to Toys
Tipo di pubblicazione Studio
Data 17-01-2008
Autore esterno Dr Frank Alleweldt (Project director)
Ms Anna Fielder (Lead author)
Prof Geraint Howells (Legal analysis)
Dr Senda Kara
Ms Kristen Schubert
Mr Stephen Locke
Settore di intervento Diritto UE: sistema e atti giuridici | Industria | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave controllo amministrativo | industria del giocattolo | marcatura CE di conformità | protezione dell'infanzia | responsabilità
del produttore | sicurezza del prodotto
Studio EN
Background Note on the Review of the Consumer Acquis
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data 15-06-2007
Autore esterno Hans Schulte-Nölke (University of Bielefeld, Germany) in collaboration with Christoph Busch (Centre for European
Legal Practice, University of Bielefeld, Germany)
Settore di intervento Diritto contrattuale, diritto commerciale e diritto societario | Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei
consumatori | Recepimento e attuazione del diritto
Parole chiave acquis comunitario | applicazione del diritto dell'UE | clausola contrattuale | codificazione del diritto dell'UE | legge di
armonizzazione | protezione del consumatore | responsabilità del produttore
Riassunto Executive summary
We have been asked to answer the following three questions:
1. What is the demarcation line between the CFR and the future horizontal instrument on the review of the consumer
acquis ?
2. Which provisions of the contract law should be specifically regulated in the consumer law? Should the lex specialis
rule be applied (lex specialis derogat legi generali) ?
3. Do national provisions of contract law constitute barriers to trade in the Internal Market ?
Analisi approfondita EN
Information Requirements in the Digital Environment
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-01-2007
Autore esterno Annette Nordhausen (University of Sheffield, United Kingdom)
Settore di interventoDiritto UE: sistema e atti giuridici | Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave clausola contrattuale | comunicazione dei dati | informazione del consumatore | legge di armonizzazione |
responsabilità del produttore | vendita a distanza
Riassunto Questions to be addressed in this briefing paper are the following :
Current EU legislation (e.g. Distance Selling Directive, E-commerce Directive etc.) prescribes mandatory information
requirements that sellers need to provide to buyers. Are these information requirements appropriate in the context of
the digital environment? What, concretely, should be added or removed from the information requirements to be
provided by the producers and service providers to e-consumers (taking into account, in particular, the needs of non-
technical users) ?
How well is consumer information on conditions of sale being communicated to online shoppers ? How can the
transparency of the supply chain be ensured on the digital market? How can one ensure that consumers are aware of
the real identity of the contractor (e.g. when they are transferred from one seller’s homepage to another without their
knowledge) ?
Analisi approfondita EN
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 11Redress and Alternative Dispute Resolution in Cross-Border e-commerce Transactions
Tipo di pubblicazione Analisi approfondita
Data15-01-2007
Autore esterno Lilian Edwards (University of Southhampton, UK) and Caroline Wilson (University of Southampton, UK)
Settore di interventoDiritto UE: sistema e atti giuridici | Mercato interno e Unione doganale | Protezione dei consumatori
Parole chiave arbitraggio | commercio elettronico | diritto di agire in giudizio | esecuzione della sentenza | mezzi di ricorso |
protezione del consumatore | responsabilità del produttore | scambi intra UE
Riassunto Executive summary
Effective dispute settlement is regarded as one of the means of enhancing consumer confidence in cross-border
purchases over the Internet. Yet a recent Eurobarometer survey1 shows that 41% of people who launched a formal
complaint concerning cross-border purchases were not satisfied with the way their complaint was handled. Rather than
going to the courts or elsewhere for settlement, most dissatisfied consumers took no further action, and only 6%
brought the matter to an arbitration/mediation/conciliation body. Other studies of online dispute resolution (ODR) also
show, on the whole, poor uptake by the public. Uptake of the EC’s own publicly funded ODR provider, ECODIR, has
been described as “disappointing”2. Why do so few people resort to this kind of dispute settlement, and what are the
implications of low uptake for consumer confidence in cross border ecommerce ? [...]
Analisi approfondita EN
12-12-2021 Fonte : © Unione europea, 2021 - PE 12Puoi anche leggere
