La metanazione Biologica - Dr. Alberto Varone - CRS4 L'anidride carbonica: da problema a risorsa - CO2Club
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L’anidride carbonica: da problema a risorsa
La metanazione Biologica
Dr. Alberto Varone - CRS4
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019
Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies
• The development of IASS was inspired by the 2007 Nobel Laureate Symposium
“Global Sustainability – A Nobel Cause” held in Potsdam
è A holistic, trans-disciplinary approach to sustainability
• Founded in 2009
• Funded for 7 years by the German Federal and State governments
Global contract for Sustainability Earth, Energy and
(GCS) Environment (E3)
• Analysis of societal and • Explores new scientific
political transformations that and technological
must take place if we want to approaches to transform
achieve global sustainability the current energy
• Sustainability technologies, based
governance mainly on the combustion
• Transformation processes of fossil fuels, into
• Cultural diversity and sustainable and climate-
sustainable economic activity friendly solutions
Executive Director Scientific Director
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Klaus Töpfer Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Carlo Rubbia
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019
E3 Cluster Portfolio
Cluster
Earth, Energy and Environment
Super
Concentrating
conducting Methane Synthetic Unconventional
solar energy
electric lines systems Cracking Fuels gas
Renewable energies for the future Renewable
Energy energies for the future
Vectors
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019
PtL and PtG in the Energiewende
Recent Report from the German Environment Agency (UBA Umwelt Bundesamt) shows that future
greenhouse gas neutrality in Germany is technically achievable
The starting assumption of the model is that in 2050 the 95% of the Germany supply will come from
renewable energy electricity production.
In the model the renewably produced electricity will supply both the consumed electric power and the
electro-catalytic processes for converting the power to fluid, gas or liquid
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019
Piattaforma Energie Rinnovabili Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019
Il progetto complesso
Reti intelligenti per una gestione efficiente dell’energia
POR FESR Sardegna 2014-2020 - Azione 1.2.2
Azione 1 – Animazione (seminari, convegni, corsi di formazione)
Azione 2 – Programma di Ricerca & Sviluppo per imprese
Azione 3 – Microrete della sede di Macchiareddu
Azione 4 – Analisi di una Smart Grid a livello comunale
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019
La Piattaforma Energie Rinnovabili Laboratorio Biomasse e Biocombustibili Laboratorio Idrogeno da RES Laboratorio Energetica Elettrica Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019
Attrazzature Presenti alla Piattaforma
• Three PV systems (6, 8, 12 kWp),
• Anaerobic digestion pilot plant (useful volume
characterised by the implementation of High
of 1 m3) capable of operating under
Concentrator PV, amorphous and high
psychophilic, mesophilous and thermophilic
efficiency monocrystalline PV panels
conditions
• Microgrid 6 kW test bench for the
• Fast catalytic pyrolysis plant with a maximum
implementation of control algorithms
feeding capacity of 100 kg/h
• Microgrid supplied by a PV 12 kWp facility
• Hydrogen generators (2 Nm3/h PEMFC
and supported by a 10 kWh capacity storage
technology)
• Test bench for electro-mobility testing
• Hydrogen storage tanks in the gaseous phase
(charging station, control of charging station,
(4.5 kg or 50 Nm3) and through metal
propulsion system)
hydrides (0,15 kg)
• Power system simulator with a rated power
• Fully instrumented PEMFC stack (1,2 kW)
of 50 kVA
• PEMFC Power System for microgrid support
• Characterization, modelling and control of
with 5 kW of electric power
energy storage systems
• Test station for feeding and management of
• Method and Analysis procedure for power
low-power fuel cells and metal hydride
quality characterization of microgrid, smart
vessels
grid and power systems
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019
La micro-rete di Macchiareddu
CH4
CO2 H2
H2
CH4
Fuel Cell
Gestione intelligente (smart) della produzione, dei carichi e dell’accumulo di un
sistema isolato (energy island)
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019
Carbon Capture and Utilization
Vantaggi
• Ridurre la quantità totale di emissioni di CO2 antropogeniche
Le emissioni di CO2 derivate dalla produzione industriale, energetica e termica
potrebbero essere parzialmente catturate, riducendo la quantità netta immessa
nell'atmosfera
• Aumentare l'uso di elettricità rinnovabile
I combustibili liquidi e gassosi potrebbero essere utilizzati come deposito di
produzione intermittente
• Ridurre lo sfruttamento e l'importazione di combustibili fossili
I combustibili sintetici sono equivalenti ai combustibili fossili
• Elevata flessibilità
Numerose tecnologie e processi coinvolti
• Stabilizzazione della rete energetica
Accoppiamento con le reti elettrica e del gas naturale
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019Metanazione biologica
alla Piattaforma Energie Rinnovabili
Hydrogen
storage
Hydrogen Hydrogen Methanation Bio methane
Production Process Storage
From RES
Bio-methane
Biogas Upgrading
Biogas Process
Production CO2
from waste CH4
Micro Grid
Electricity Electricity
SOFC Natural
Gas Grid
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019Processi di Metanazione
The methanation Sabatier process CO2(g) + 4H2(g) Û CH4(g) + 2H2O
• Chemical catalytic process
• Biological hydrogenation through methanogenic archaea bacteria
Biological methanation vs Chemical catalytic process
• resistant to impurities in the feed gas, such as H2S
• ambient pressure
• low temperatures (60-70 °C)
Audi e-gas Project, Werlte (DE) BioCat Project, Avedøre (DK)
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019Metanazione biologica Electrochaea is the first company successfully operate a commercial 1 MW plant using biological-methanation-based power-to-gas technology Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019
Metanazione biologica
alla Piattaforma Energie Rinnovabili
1. Cylindrical bubble column
1 vessel with a working
1 volume of ≈50L of
1
operating volume filled
2 with hydrogenotrophic
enrichment culture.
2. External thermostat
2
1 3. Insulating jacket installed
3 around the vessel
1 4. Hydrogen cylinder
5. CO2 cylinder
6. Sparger
7. Peristaltic pump
8. pH buffer solution
5 4
9. Sulfide solution
6 10. Trace element solution
11. Drum gas counter
12. Gas analyzer
3 13. Gas storage
7
1
8 9
0
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019Metanazione biologica
alla Piattaforma Energie Rinnovabili
• Basic research
• Lab tests & design
• Biological methanator 50 l) bet
• Upgrading pilot
• Field test with gases from cylinders
• Field test with locally produced gases (TRL 5)
• Coupling with PER micro grid (gas & electric network)
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019Bio metano in Sardegna
Power and Waste to Methane (PWtM)
• 29 impianti di Biogas plants ≈1 Mwe
principalmente da colture dedicate
• Consumi elettrici: 8.805 GWh/year
• Produzione elettrica:13.936 GWh/year
• Assenza rete gas naturale, infrastrutture pianificate
Alternativa PWtM
• Feedstock: da colture dedicate aresidui e scarti
• Uprgading del biogas in metnao (e CO2)
• CO2 + Elettricità rinnovabile à bio metano PWtM
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019THANK YOU
Carbon dioxide, that is, the aerial form of the carbon of which we have up till
now spoken: this gas which constitutes the raw material of life, the permanent
store upon which all that grows draws, and the ultimate destiny of all flesh, is not
one of the principal components of air but rather a ridiculous remnant, an
“impurity,” thirty times less abundant than argon, which nobody even notices.
…man has not tried until now to compete with nature on this terrain, that is, he
has not striven to draw from the carbon dioxide in the air the carbon that is
necessary to nourish him, clothe him, warm him, and for the hundred other more
sophisticated needs of modern life.
Primo Levi Il sistema periodico 1975
ALBERTO@CRS4.IT
Alberto Varone CCUS Working Group Roma 16 Aprile 2019Puoi anche leggere
